4.Congressional Response to Lincoln’s Plan (Wade-Davis Bill, 1864) Objective: Safeguarding Rights The Wade-Davis Bill proposed stricter terms for Southern states to rejoin the Union, requiring majority of white male citizens to take a loyalty oath. This bill aimed to ensure that only loyal citizens could govern and included provisions to protect African American rights. Lincoln’s veto highlighted the conflict between his vision of reconciliation and Congress’s demand for stronger protections for freedmen.
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5. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson (1868) Objective: Accountability and Protection of Rights Johnson's frequent clashes with Congress, particularly over Reconstruction policies, culminated in his impeachment in 1868. He violated the Tenure of Office Act by attempting to remove a Radical Republican from his cabinet. This event illustrated the struggle for control over Reconstruction and emphasized the Radical Republicans' commitment to protecting African American rights against Southern opposition.
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6. Southern Response to Johnson's Plan (1865) Objective: Resistance and Control Southern states reacted to Johnson’s lenient policies by enacting Black Codes, which severely restricted the rights of African Americans, including limiting their ability to vote, own property, and access education. This response aimed to maintain white supremacy and control over the social structure, directly undermining efforts for unity and equality.