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Phillip II of Spain was a devout Catholic. He wanted England to be completely Catholic and he believed that the only way to do that was to marry Elizabeth and take control. Elizabeth rejected him. He was planning to have an attack since 1586 and this rejected marriage proposal made him send a fleet.
Calais
The Spanish fleet was ready to sail in 1588 after Phillip gathered an army of 30,000 men in the Netherlands with the plan of destroying English ships to allow the army to pass to England safely
Calais
Phillip II appointed Duke Medina Sidonia as the commander of this fleet. Despite him being a good and brave organiser, he lacked experience.
The Spanish left port Corunna on 22 July 1588 and were seen near Plymouth on 30 July. They encountered some English ships. They were smaller but more manoeuvrable. They fought many battles in the narrowest part of the channel. The Spanish soon realised that they were not ready to cross so they were forced to anchor of at Calais.
The English met the disorganised Spanish fleet in battle off the town of Gravelines. This was the most deadly Battle of the whole attack with many Spanish ships destroyed. Duke Medina Sidonia gave the order to keep heading north. The English troops followed for many days until they finally turned back.
The Spanish continued around the British Isles but their sailorswere weakened by disease and hunger Many ships were destroyed in storms. Overall, the Spanish lost 60ships and 11,000 men died.

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