After Muhammad's death, Abu Baker took over as the new caliph. With 3 other leaders, they ruled the Muslim community. They unified Muslims with military force, and spreading their religion.
Schism between Sunnis and Shi'ah
Only Muhammad's family can rule!!
The Muslim Empire continued to grow after Abu's death. The new caliph, Umar, expanded the empire conquered more, goods, and resources. He allowed non-Muslim religions to continue if they payed special tax.
Battle of Tours
What a great city, Cordoba! I can learn so much.
Ali, Muhammad's cousin, became the next caliph but important Muslims changed his rule. This led to war and Ali was killed. The Umayyad dynasty came to rule.
The Golden Age
The Umayyad dynasty formed a split between the Sunni and Shi'ah Muslims. Most Muslims, Sunnis, accepted Umayyad's. On the other hand, Shi'ahs believed that only Muhammad's family can rule.
We accept the Umayyad dynasty!
Umayyad caliphs sent soldiers to conquer Spain, but in the Battle of Tours, the Frankish King sent Muslims back to Europe. Islamic states stayed in Spain and built some of the best buildings. Muslim, Jewish, and Christian scholars often visited the Islamic areas.
After Islamic people rebelled against the Umayyads, Abbasid dynasty took over. They focused on trade, learning, and arts; making it a prosperous golden age. Muslim empires split and continued to grow. The Ottoman Empire lasted until 1919.
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