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- Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago from a mix of hot gasses and solids, when it cooled, an atmosphere was formed from materials that volcanos spewed like hydrogen, sulfide and methane. Then the surface started to cool and water started to be collected.
- Cyanobacterias
- 2.7 billion years ago, microscopic organisms called cyanobacteria formed and started utilizing water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to create oxygen.During the archeon Eon which was 4 to 2.5 billion years ago, methan droplets in the air shrouded the young Earth in a global haze. There was no oxygen gas on Earth. Oxygen was only in compounds such as water. Complex chemical reactions in the young oceans transformed carbon-containing molecules into simple, living cells that did not need oxygen to live. Instead they made energy out of sulfur and other elements.
- 2.6 billion to 400 million years ago bacteria made oxygen for 300 million years, there was enough for the oxygen to oxidize with iron in rocks and soil to make reddish iron oxide and create vast expanses of redbeds.
- 700-550 million years ago the oxygen levels in the ocean increased dramatically. Then 600 million years ago the oxygen boom reached about one fifth of the percentage of the oxygen we have now, this allowed some animals to take the oxygen to create energy but for some it was poisonous and they were forced to extinction or airless habitats.
- Around 350 million years ago, as the sky cleared because enough oxygen was made and as plants and animals came to land, oxygen rose to 20% and over the next 50 million years it rose 35%. 318 to 299 million years ago, great forests grew on the land, and giant swamps filled low-lying areas. as great masses of dead plants became buried under swamps and out of contact with oxygen, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere actually dropped. The world became cooler.
- During the past 290 million years, the earth’s climate became warmer because of the changes in the atmosphere because of this polar ice caps were small or absent, and winters were warmer around the globe. In these warm climates, many types of plants and animals lived in the polar regions.
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