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- The Kingdom of Piedmont was ruled by King Victor Emmanuel II and his prime minister, Count Camillo di Cavour. Cavour was a liberal minded businessman. He favored a constitutional government and was very persuasive. Economy growth during this time allowed him to equip a large army.
- Count Cavour
- King Victor Emmanuel
- Emperor Napoleon III
- He persuaded France to help them since Austria was too powerful for Piedmont to fight alone.
- We would like you to ally with you (Kingdom of Piedmont) to defeat Austria. In return, we promise you the provinces of Nice and Savoy. We will also establish the Kingdom of Central Italy for your nephew to rule.
- From the southern Italy states, Guiseppi Garibaldi attempted to unify Italy. He was an Italian patriot and a republican. He gathered an army of volunteers that called themselves the Red Shirts. A revolt against the Bourbons in the Kingdom of Two Sicilies allowed Garibaldi to defeat the Bourbons, despite being outnumbered. Now most of Sicily was under his control.
- The Red Shirts
- Guiseppi Garibalidi
- Franco-Italian Victory
- The Battles at Magenta and Solferino were both Franco-Italian victories. Without informing Italy, France made peace with Austria on July 11, 1859. Napoleon withdrew because he knew that fighting Austria would take a while and end up being more costly than he had initially thought. At the time, Prussia began supporting Austria and France had no intention of facing both of them at once.
- Battle at Solferino: June 24, 1859
- Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria
- Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria
- Battle at Magenta: June 4, 1859
- Franco-Italian Victory
- With France’s withdrawal, Italy now only had Lombardy, Venetia stayed under Austrian control. Northern Italian states had been taken over by nationalists and they agreed to join Piedmont.
- Count Cavour! The northern states have agreed to join us against Austria!
- How am I going to face Austria?
- Naples and the Two Sicilies fell in September. Cavour found out that Garibaldi was planning on marching on Rome. Cavour feared this because Rome was protected by France because of the Vatican. If conflict arose there, France would once again be involved in the conflict. Garibaldi followed Cavour’s wishes and bypassed Rome while invading the Papal States. The Two Sicilies and the Papal States joined Piedmont. The new Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in 1861 and ruled by King Emmanuel II. Venetia was still under Austrian control and Rome was under Papal control
- Later...The Austro-Prussian war of 1866 made the new kingdom of Italy an ally to Prussia. Prussia's victory left Italy Venetia. The Franco-Prussian war in 1870 forced French troops to leave Rome, making it the new capital of Italy.
- If we attack either Rome or Venetia, it will result in war
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