Here we have a population of brown bears expanding their migration patterns to the North. After thousands of years of warm global temperatures, the bears have grown accustomed to an environment that is hospitable and favorable to them. The decision to migrate would not only dramatically decrease their population, but food scarcity and intense snow will leave a group separated resulting in the natural selection and eventual evolution into a brand new subspecies.
As time goes on, a portion of the pack are finding it increasingly difficult to keep up with the harsh snowy weather. Food is scarce and as they near the Arctic it seems that the most plentiful food source are seals which become crucial in their selective adaptation. At this stage of migration the weaker links of the pack can no longer keep up with the rest of the bears exhibiting positive adaptive traits such as a large temperature change in air and water.
Over a course of some thousands of years despite their population decrease, the remaining brown bears will adapt to gain fur closer to the color of snow and retain a high protein and fat diet from feasting on seals. They'll soon dawn a coat thicker and lighter which is favorable for the bears' new arctic environment.
With the added advantage over those in the pack that did not withstand migration, polar bears maintain a sky high fat and cholesterol diet that'll in turn keep them warm and strong, well padded feet to trudge the tundra, and an ultra thick white coat to battle the ever consistent cold! These emergent adaptive changes have led to this relatively new subspecies being able to outstand their new environment and thrive for well over 50,000 years!
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