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- Crust
- Hi, My name is Anna. Welcome to the Crust! This is the first stop on my journey through the inside of the Earth. It's the layer closest to the surface and is very thin compared to the other layers we will visit.
- Granite (Oceanic Crust)
- Basalt (Continental Crust): Much Denser
- Lithosphere (Crust & Upper Mantle)
- Next Stop Down: The Lithosphere! The lithosphere is a special layer. It's not one of the four layers that make up the earth's interior because it's part of two. The lithosphere is the solid outer layer of the earth made up of both the crust and part of the upper mantle.
- Asthenosphere (Upper Mantle)
- Now we've arrived at the Asthenosphere! It is below the lithosphere, is a semi-solid in the area of the upper mantle, and displays a trait called plasticity. Plasticity is a state that means the matter is solid, but a change in the environment has the ability to flow.
- The asthenosphere up of partially molten rock.
- The earth's crust is made up of two parts: the oceanic (3-5 miles thick) and the continental crust (about 25 miles thick.) Both parts are split into tectonic plates that "float" on the asthenosphere.
- Lower Mantle
- We've talked about special layers that are part of the upper mantle, now let's venture on to the lower part. It stretches from about 400 - 1,700 miles below the surface of the earth. (about 1300miles thick)
- It is defined by the fact that it is a zone rock that is the most rigid, brittle and is the coolest of all the layers. The temperature in the crust can be anywhere from 392 - 752 degrees, which is still extremely hot.
- Outer Core
- About 1492 miles thick and 1,800 miles under the earth's surface... Welcome to the first stop in our tour of the core: the Outer Core! Located under the mantle the outer core can reach temperatures of up to 8,500 degrees Farenheight.
- Unlike the Lithosphere, it is only semi-rigid (displays more fluidity) and is contrived of dense hot rock (much hotter than lithosphere) that flows under the heavyweight of the lithosphere. It extends from 60 to 450 miles below the earth.
- Inner Core
- Last stop: We've reached the center of the earth! Welcome to the inner core: 746 miles thick of hot, hot rock. That's right, the inner core can reach temperatures of up to 12,100 degreesFahrenheit.
- : The lower mantle is the liquid inner layer that has the ability to flow and reaches temperatures that can be over 7,000 degrees Fahrenheit and faces pressure, up to 1.3 million times that of the surface around the area of the outer core.
- The lower mantle is made up of silicates such as olivine and pyroxene.
- The heat and pressure are so intense that iron and other metals such as nickel are in a liquid, molten state. The electric current powered by the liquid running through the outer core is what creates the Earth's magnetic field.
- Made of liquid iron and nickel.
- With temperatures this high, you would think it would be liquid like the outer core. But no. The pressure in the inner core is so intense that the metals involuntarily squeeze together and vibrate in place, like a solid.
- Made of solid iron and nickel.
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