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- The Pacific Ocean, Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, was one of the last parts of the globe to be explored and occupied by humans. People began moving eastwards from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands further into the Pacific only around 3000 years ago.
- Sailing across wide lengths of open sea required a high level of skill and bravery. These explorers moved to Fiji and West Polynesia, including Tonga and Samoa, between 1100 and 800 BCE. People began to settle in the middle East Polynesian archipelagos some 1000 years ago, with the closet being the first to be settled.
- Outside of the Arctic and Antarctic, New Zealand was the last big geographical mass to be populated. A variety of evidence shows that New Zealand's first permanent settlements occurred between 1250 and 1300, including radiocarbon dating, pollen and volcanic ash research, DNA evidence genealogical dating, and studies of animal loss and decline.
- These progenitors of the Maori people sailed in double-hulled canoes from East Polynesia (particularly, the Society Islands, the southern Cook Islands, and the Austral Islands in French Polynesia).
- Kupe was the first Pacific adventurer, according to various tribal legends, to find the islands of New Zealand. Stories of his explorations in his canoe, the Matawhaorua or Matahaorua, vary by location, but they frequently include a battle with a large wheke (octopus). Many Maori place names in New Zealand commemorate his journey, which have been passed down through the years.
- While it was originally thought that Maori ancestors arrived in New Zealand in a single 'great fleet' of seven canoes, we now know that many canoes completed the treacherous journey. Tribal groups trace their beginnings to the commanders and crews of more than 40 legendary vessels, from the Kurahauupo at North Cape to the Uruao in the South Island, through stories passed down through the years.
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