The Central Dogma with Nucleus.
Storyboard Text
- CENTRAL DOGMA: This process goes from DNA to RNA to a protein.
- TRANSCRIPTION: These are the 4 bases of DNA and they are copied during Transcription. A is always paired with T and G with C. A mediator protein complex carries an enzyme RNA polymerase between the strands of the DNA double helix to copy DNA into RNA. RNA is structured like DNA, but instead of having T it has U that also pairs with A.
- Adenine
- Guanine
- DNA RNA
- Cytosine
- Thymine
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- A T G A T C T C G T A A T A C T A G A G C A T T
- Uracil
- Hello, Nucleus here! Today we'll be exploring The Central Dogma!
- RNA synthesis involves separation of the DNA strands and synthesis of an RNA molecule in the 5' to 3' direction by RNA polymerase, using one of the DNA strands as a template. Transcription begins at the promoter, proceeds through the coding region, and ends at the terminator.
- A T G A T C T C G T A A A U G A U C U T A C T A G A G C A T T
- 3' 5' 5' 3'
- RNA
- DNA
- promoter
- terminator
- TRANSLATION: After Transcription, an mRNA molecule is ready to direct protein synthesis. The process of using information in an mRNA to build a polypeptide is called, translation. The first step is Initiation where the ribosome assembles aound the mRNA to be read and the first tRNA (Carrying methoinine witch matches the start codon, AUG. This is called the initiation complex and is needed for translation to start.
- A U G A U C U C G U A A
- Met Ile Ser Stop
- mRNA (messenger RNA) Polypeptide
- The second step is Elongation. Elongation is where the amino acid chain gets longer. The mRNA is read one codon at a time, and the amino acid chain matches each codon, making a protein chain!
- A U G A U C U C G U A A
- Met Ile
- Ser
- mRNA codon amino acid (polypeptide) tRNA
- Termination is the last step when the finished polypeptide chain is released. Termination begins when a stop codon (in this case, UAA) enters the ribosome, triggering a series of events that separate the chain from its tRNA and allow the complete polypeptide to be released and to drift away from the ribosome.
- A U G A U C U C G U A A
- Met Ile Ser Stop
- Release factor
- Well, that's all for today, kids! I hope you learned more about the Central Dogma, and what's happening inside your bodies RIGHT NOW! See ya next time, on Nuclei The Science Guys!
- The End
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