Battle of Potidaea (432 BC): This was a battle between Athenian forces and a coalition of cities from the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Potidaea, a Corinthian colony allied with Athens, rebelled against Athens' suzerainty, leading to a military conflict. This battle marked the official beginning of the Peloponnesian Wars.
Sicilian expedition (415-413 BC): Athens sent a large military expedition to Sicily with the aim of conquering it and obtaining additional resources to finance the war against Sparta. However, the expedition turned out to be a disaster for Athens. The Athenian forces suffered heavy losses and were defeated by a coalition of Sicilian cities led by Syracuse. This defeat greatly weakened Athens and weakened its military and economic power.
Battle of Aegospotam (405 BC): This naval battle was the turning point of the war. The Spartan fleet under Lysander decisively defeated the Athenian fleet near the Aegospotam River in Asia Minor. After this defeat, Athens lost its navy and was cut off, leading to its surrender the following year.
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