Queen Elizabeth I died, James I became king. James believed in divine right of kings, which created tension with parliment because he did not believe he had to work with them. Also did not see eye to eye on money, and Religion.
Hey! I am aware we just decapitated your father but do you want to be king?
Sure!
James dies and his son Charles I becomes king. He continues the belief of divine right of kings, parliment passes petition of power to limit his power, Charles ignores it and civil war begins in which there are cavaliers or supporters of the king and the roundheads or supporters of parliment.
Parliment wins and Oliver Cromwell leader of parliment army becomes a military dictator, parliment is purged of king supporters and King Charles I is publicly beheaded. Oliver Cromwell continues his dictation until his death.
After Cromwell dies, the monarchy is restored with Charles II becoming king; he did not believe in divine right of kings and therefore was not a threat to parliment. However he died with no heir so James II became King; he was openely catholic which worried parliment.
Once James II has a son parliment fears a catholic monarchy and English nobles begin encouraging William of Orange Ruler of the Netherlands and his wife Mary who was daughter of James II To Invade and take over. James II fled to France and William and Mary accepted the throne.
William and Mary passed the english bill of rights and from then on parliment and the monarchy ruled together. The bill of rights included 9 laws. The Monarchy could no longer create new laws, courts, run trials, pass new laws, keep their own army, stop people from defending themselves with arms wthout parliment.