In ancient Greece, oligarchy represented a form of governance where power was concentrated in the hands of a few elite individuals, typically wealthy landowners or noble families. Unlike democracy, which allowed broader citizen participation in decision-making, oligarchies favored the privileged few, often leading to social inequality and discontent among the populace. One prominent example of oligarchic rule in ancient Greece was in the city-state of Sparta. Here, the ruling class consisted of two hereditary kings, known as the dual monarchy. These kings held considerable authority over military matters and foreign policy, but their power was balanced by a council of elders (Gerousia) and a popular assembly (Apella), creating a system of checks and balances within the oligarchic structure. The kingship in Sparta was not entirely absolute; rather, it was tempered by the influence of other governing bodies, ensuring a degree of collective decision-making despite the oligarchic framework.