Life before Jesus
Storyboard Text
- When King Solomon died, between 926 and 922 BCE, the ten northern tribes refused to submit to his son, and revolted.From this point on, there would be two kingdoms of Hebrews: in the north - Israel, and in the south - Judah. The Jews formed their capital in the city of Samaria, and the Judaeans kept their capital in Jerusalem. After the romans took over Israel and made it into a province, the Romans gave in and exempted Jews from worshipping their gods. Rome did this because the Jews had helped Julius Caeser with an important battle several years earlier. Soon Rome recognised Judaism as a legal religion, allowing Jews to worship freely.
- Jews had lived in Rome since the second century BC. Julius Caeser supported laws that allowed Jews protection to worship as they chose. Synagogues were classified as colleges to get trick Roman laws banning secret societies and the temples were allowed to collect the yearly tax paid by all Jewish men for temple maintenance.There had been disturbances though: Jews had been banished from Rome in 139 BC, again in 19 AD and during the reign of Claudius. However, they were soon allowed to return and continue their independent existence under Roman law.
- The Zealots were a group of Jews who began to emerge as a religious/political movement around the beginning of the 1st century CE. They strongly opposed Roman rule and thought that and turned on everyone, including other Jews, who cooperated with Rome. They were prepared to use terrorist actions against the romans. When pursued by the Romans after a failed rebellion, they committed mass suicude.
- Zealots
- Essenes
- The Essenes were a small group of Jews who disliked the Romans but weren’t violent towards them. Many were celibate and went to the mikvah to cleanse themselves every day. They did not have much money or many personal items and committed a strict observance of Shabbat. They all ate together after davening, devoted themselves to charity and benevolence, forbade anger, studied all the books of the elders and preserved secrets.
- The Sadducees were the party of high priests who worked in the temple, aristocratic families and merchants—the wealthier elements of the population. They wanted to keep the Romans happy and tended to have good relations with them. While their rivals, the Pharisees claimed the authority of piety and learning, the Sadducees claimed that of birth and social and economic position.
- Sadducees
- Pharisees
- The Pharisees were a group that emerged c. 150 BCE and promoted the idea of priestly purity for all Jews, belief in providence or fate, and the concept of the resurrection of the dead and taught that beside the commandments, oral law was also passed down. They objected to Roman rule and were respected by ordinary people as they were the largest political group. They kept Shabbat and kosher but often argued with the Sadducees.
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- Jews had lived in Rome since the second century BC. Julius Ceaser supported laws that allowed Jews protection to worship their one god. Synagogues were classified as colleges to trick Roman laws banning secret societies and the temples were allowed to collect the yearly tax paid by all Jewish men for temple maintenance.There had been disturbances: Jews had been banished from Rome in 139 BC, again in 19 AD and during the reign of Claudius. However, they were soon allowed to return and continue their existence under Roman law.
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