Shakespeare Playsin Tyypit

No matter what they were named, William Shakespeare’s plays would still be great works of art, so it may not matter what we call them. Generally though, Shakespeare wrote three types of plays: Tragedy, Comedy, and History. These names help us understand the archetypes of a play and better analyze its events. After all, The Comedy of Romeo and Juliet would be a very different play from The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Perhaps it would be a farce about two star-crossed lovers, doomed to suffer humorous mistakes of identity and bumbling servants. It wouldn’t be the story of woe we are all so familiar with.

Common Themes in Shakespearean Plays

Despite their categorical differences, all of Shakespeare’s plays have a few things in common.

Time

Time itself becomes a character in most of Shakespeare’s plays. It is the “Character You Never See”, but arguably, like the role it takes in our own lives, Time is the most important.

• In Comedies: Time works with the characters
• In Tragedies: Time works against the characters
• In Comedies: You know a Shakespearean play is a comedy if everything works out with enough time in a pleasing manner
• In Tragedies: You know a Shakespearean play is a tragedy when time always runs out for the characters

When Shakespeare wants to control Time, he uses the length of the scenes in an Act:

• Long scene: time slows down
• Short scene: rapid movement of time
• Effect on the audience: confusion, disorientation

Why? Chaos and confusion of the times are reflected in the structure of the play.

Unity

All of Shakespeare’s plays move toward unity. There is either unity in the plot, in the characters, or in the ruling class. Often this is shown through a marriage, an ascent to power after the overthrow of a corrupt monarch, or an agreement of peace.

Women

Women in Shakespeare’s Plays always know the truth. They are not easily fooled, nor are they always listened to by the men in the play. They are wiser than those around them, though, and they are often the most correct in their warnings to the heroes of Shakespeare’s plays.

The Monarchy

All of Shakespeare’s plays did not paint monarchs in a favorable light; however, he always made sure that beloved monarchs and the current Tudor dynasty were always treated as heroes. To this end, Shakespeare would often set his plays in another place, such as Italy or Scotland, to avoid seeming like he might be trying to point the finger at the current monarchy’s flaws. For instance, Queen Elizabeth I had no heirs, and there was very real fear about what kind of destabilization would occur in England upon her death. Shakespeare acknowledged and focused on these fears by writing The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, a story about another ruler with no heirs who, upon his death, sent the Roman empire into chaos. But, because it took place in Rome, and not London... Shakespeare had some plausible deniability that he might be criticizing the monarchy, and was able to keep his head firmly attached to his shoulders.

Create a storyboard!

Fun Facts about Shakespeare’s Plays

• His plays were not published until 1623, seven years after Shakespeare’s death.
• A lot of the transcriptions of Shakespeare’s plays were done by a theater-enthusiast, who would go to see the play and try to write down the dialogue – often, these enthusiasts were drunk and there were many errors attributed to their intoxication for many years.
• One of the first dramatists to work extensively in blank verse (iambic pentameter, usually un-rhymed except at the parts he wanted the audience to pay close attention to).
• He often threw in base comedy/humor to keep the peasants entertained.
• His plays were written exclusively with the intent that they would be performed in the Globe Theatre.
• Men always played female roles, and were usually teen-aged boys whose voices had not yet fully changed.

Shakespearen tragedioita

Shakespeare Histories

Shakespearen historioissa oli seuraavat tärkeät ominaisuudet:

• Historialliset seikat eivät todellakaan ole väliä - tarkkuus ei ole avainasemassa. Shakespeare ei ole historioitsija; hän on dramaattinen, joka on kiinnostunut ihmisistä ja hyvä tarina
• Shakespeare oli valikoiva ja haluttu sisällyttää kaikki tiedot, jotka tekevät Tudor-monarkian näyttävän huonolta. Itse asiassa hän varjelisi varmasti, että Tudor-monarkia tuli aina sankareina päivän päätteeksi.
• Shakespearen historiat dokumentoivat suurien johtajien kaatumista
• Tätä kutsutaan de-casibus- draamaksi, latinalaisesta saksasta, joka tarkoittaa kaatumista; kaatumisen jotain
• Shakespearen historiassa yhden henkilön kaatuminen vaatii toisen nousua
  • Tämä tulee de ascendibus , latinalaisesta sanasta, joka merkitsee nousua
• De casibus draama oli ylistyslaulu Englantiin. Paean on kreikkalainen "ylistyslaulua" varten. Siksi historiat olivat ylistyslauluja Englannin suuruudelle, ja siksi heitä usein pidetään propagandan teoksina.

Shakespearen historiat hajotettiin kahteen tetralogiaan tai neljän näytelmän ryhmään:

Shakespeare kirjoitti myös kaksi muuta historiaa:

• Kuningas Johnin elämä ja kuolema
• Kuningas Henrik VIII: n kuuluisa historia

Nämä kaksi näytelmää olivat ainoat kaksi historiaa, jotka eivät koske Lancasterin talon nousua ja kaatumista. Kuninkaan elämä ja kuolema käsitteli Shakespearen henkilökohtaista kiinnostusta Machiavellian lähestymistapaan politiikassa. Kuningas Henry VIII: n kuuluisa historia jatkoi Shakespearen historian propagandaa, juhlien Tudor-dynastian ja kuningatar Elizabeth I: n isän.

Shakespeare alkoi kirjoittaa Edward III: n hallitsijaa , mutta hän ei lopettanut sitä. Todennäköisesti hän päätti kirjoittaa King Edward III: sta, koska hän oli tärkeässä roolissa sadan vuoden sodassa hänen vaatimuksessaan Ranskan valtaistuimelle vuonna 1337. Edwardin jälkeläiset haittasivat myös Lancasterin ja Yorkin taloihin, jotka johtivat Ruusuja ja lopulta Tudor-dynastian Richard III: n kuoleman jälkeen.

* Vaikka Richard III on usein laskutettu tragedyksi, ja sitä esiintyy joissakin piireissä keskenään vaihdettavina, pelissä ei ole yhtä kriittistä piirrettä tragedian kannalta: Richard III ei ole koskaan luonnostaan hyvä merkki, jolla on virhe tuomion suhteen. Richard on paha alusta alkaen, mikä ilmenee hänen fyysisestä muodonmuutoksestansa ( fysiognomyymi ) ja hänen suunnitelmistaan ​​tuhota kaikki, jopa nuoret veljensä, päästäkseen valtaistuimelle.

Shakespeare-komediat

200 vuoden ajan Shakespearen komedioiden kokonaiskoko oli 18 kappaletta; 1800-luvun lopulla irlantilainen kriitikko Edward Dowden kuitenkin katsoi Shakespearen myöhemmistä viidestä näytelmästä keskiaikaisten romaanien ominaisuuksia. Monet tutkijat sopivat Dowdenin kanssa, joten nämä näytelmät luokitellaan usein romaaniksi Komedioiden sijaan.

Shakespeare Romances

Classroom Applications and Uses

Example Exercises:

• Students identify genres of Shakespeare’s plays, with a character likeness on their storyboard to show the elements of the genre they have chosen.
• Students create storyboards that show and explain each genre of Shakespeare’s plays, using specific quotes from the text that highlight elements of the category.

Teachers can customize the level of detail and number of cells required for projects based on available class time and resources.

Rubric for Shakespearean Plays

Common Core Standards

• ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.9: Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work (e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare)
• ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.10: By the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 9-10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
  
  By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, at the high end of the grades 9-10 text complexity band independently and proficiently
• ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.7: Analyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment (e.g., Auden’s “Musée des Beaux Arts” and Breughel’s Landscape with the Fall of Icarus)
• ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.9: Demonstrate knowledge of eighteenth-, nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century foundational works of American literature, including how two or more texts from the same period treat similar themes or topics
• ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.10: By the end of grade 11, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 11-CCR text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
  
  By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, at the high end of the grades 11-CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently
• ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.7: Analyze multiple interpretations of a story, drama, or poem (e.g., recorded or live production of a play or recorded novel or poetry), evaluating how each version interprets the source text. (Include at least one play by Shakespeare and one play by an American dramatist.)

Tutustu kaikkiin Shakespeare-resursseihimme

• Shakespeare Playsin tyypit
• Romeo ja Juulia
• Macbeth
• Hamlet
• Othello
• Julius Caesar
• Richard III
• kuningas Lear
• Myrsky
• Kahdestoista yö
• Sonnet 73
• Juhannusyön unelma
• Kuvitettu opas Shakespeare Plays